Aggressive communication: People who communicate aggressively often come across as hostile and dismissive toward others. They may be domineering and controlling, and they often blame others instead of taking accountability for their own feelings or actions.
Passive-aggressive communication: Passive-aggressive communication refers to a mix of passive communication with undertones of hostility and resentment. This type of communication often feels confusing and stressful. The person tends to come across as upset, sarcastic, or dismissive. You can sense something is wrong, but they won't readily admit it.
Passive communication: People who communicate passively don't express their feelings or stand up for their own needs. It can seem like everyone else speaks for them. As a result, these individuals often also feel resentful toward others. At times, they may seem entirely people-pleasing, only to become explosive once the stress becomes too much.
Poor conflict resolution skills: Most of us don't like to admit when we're wrong, but this stubbornness can erode communication. If people are more interested in proving that they're right rather than connecting or actively listening to the other person, tension tends to escalate.
Mind reading: Mind reading is a common cognitive distortion where you assume what someone else is thinking or doing without actually confirming the truth. This can cause all sorts of problematic communication because you might get upset before you even know what's going on.
Lack of trust/fear of intimacy: If it's hard for you to open up to others, you may feel anxious, depressed, or withdrawn when you're around others. This explains why people with histories of trauma often struggle with communication in relationships. Trusting others is inherently vulnerable, and nobody wants to risk repeat betrayal.